Rectal Bleeding

Definitions of two main types of rectal bleeding:
Melena- passing of tarry/black stool, usually associated with GI bleeding. Has an offensive smell.
Hematochezia- passing of bright red blood in the stool, usually associated with a lower GI bleed.

The causes can range from false bleeding due to food ingestion that resembles blood, or bleeding from a simple anal fissure, to infections and inflammatory bowel disease. Regardless of the source, diagnostic work-up requires diligence and skill in obtaining detailed and targeted history and physical examination that will help the practitioner develop a carefully thought-out plan for proper intervention. Among other resources, endoscopy is an invaluable tool in both investigation and treatment of GI bleeding.